Article Review Essays

Article Review Essays Article Review Essay Article Review Essay Article Review PSY 425 February 21, 2011 Sandra Coswatte Article Review It is very easy to assume that when a person has a drug abuse problem; it is their own isolated problem. Who is at risk of drug abuse Is it teenagers, adults, young children or their parents There are no specifics. Anybody can be a victim of drug abuse. This sickness affects families, friends and society. When drug abuse exists, everyone becomes part of the problem. Let us hope that all people will help become part of the solution. Effects on a Family Each member of a family is affected by one member of the familyâ„ ¢s drug addiction problem. The user is so occupied by the constant use of drugs, marital problems are affected. Families are forced to deal with lame excuses, theft of personal and private property and persistent late night arrivals home. Many of the drug users may also be plagued with sexually transmitted diseases if intravenous drug use is participated in. Many pregnant women within a family face the risk of contracting the HIV virus or putting the baby and themselves at risk by possibly contracting many other types of sexually transmitted diseases. Therefore, the mother and the child may both contract the disease (Use no drugs, 2009). Family Members Affected Addictions may cause interpersonal problems within the family and with many members of the family. Children tend to suffer and not understand what the continued problem may be. Undue anger, confusion, scolding and awkward behavior affect children and are often faced in a dysfunctional family with a drug user. Children may grow afraid of the drug user as a parent. A drug userâ„ ¢s partner may become disgusted with the lying, excuses and financial turmoil with arguments involving missing money from bank accounts. Emotions are not unheard of drug users or other family members becoming violent. Slapping, kicking and hitting may be attributed to the disgust of other family members toward the drug abuser. The drug user may also be violent back toward these family members. Verbal abuse may also play a role in drug use. Sexual dysfunction may also occur when a partner becomes uninterested in the drug use and ignore the relationship in its entirety. Sadly enough, many relatio nships may encounter hardships such as legal separation, divorce and separation of the children from the abuser (Lameman, 2011). Available Resources Family therapy is available to not only the drug abuser but also the entire family affected by these drug problems. Family members will be able to rebuild their lives while the drug user may rebuild his or hers as well. Generational issues must also be discussed related to the drug or alcohol abuse problems. Addiction must stop within the family and also with the next generations of family. When an abuser and family members create their own intervention, this means that all members care and the abuser care. It is an important factor to show the drug abuser that the family members care. Information about the problem may be discussed throughout all of the members with the abuser. Group therapy involving all family members may be able to re strengthen the family as a unit. Currently, in the world, dysfunctional families do exist, and this is far too common. Many people think that they have a perfect family or may be embarrassed about their family. One thing to consider is that there are no perfect families. All people will be involved in family conflicts whether we like this or not (Lameman, 2011). According to Liddle and Dakofs (1995) Family-based treatment of adult drug abuse problems has also advanced in important ways with the recent systematic application and testing of engagement techniques and behavioral coupleâ„ ¢s therapy approaches. The current review characterizes and discusses the developmental status of this subspecialty and outlines areas in which continued research attention is needed. Parenting practices including low monitoring, ineffective discipline, and poor communication are also important factors in the initiation and maintenance of drug abuse problems among youth. Other family variables have been shown to exert a strong protective influence against drug problems. For instance, youth whose parents strongly disapprove of drug use are significantly less likely to report current use of an illicit drug. Because of the familys important role in drug abuse initiation, escalation, and recovery, family-based interventions have been of interest to drug abuse treatment researchers for over 20 years (Liddle and Dakoff, 1995). According to Rowe and Liddle (2003) Teenage drug abusers can be difficult to engage and retain in drug treatment, and the family dysfunction is linked to a range of adolescent problem behaviors also creates serious obstacles to providing adequate services to these youth. Family-based approaches have the advantage of addressing some of the very barriers, such as parental resistance to change (Rowe and Liddle, 2003). Conclusion Families must unite to interact, educate and inform to help their family member to overcome the evils of addiction. Families cannot achieve this desired result alone. Several reputable and highly praised and accredited substance abuse programs are available to assist in successful intervention. The common goal is to restore the family to acceptable functionality, rid the drug user of his or her addiction problem and attempt to help resuscitate societal functions with the abuser, and the family. What exists is much work and research to be completed to help create the best programs to assist drug abusers and their families. Ford besides points out that for each advantage? scheme provides us? ? disadvantage exists? therefore: Strategy sets way but may make winkers on our thought. It focuses attempt but may make group-think . It provides consistence but may falsify the world of? state of affairs through over-simplification. Even after these cautions Ford is speedy to state that scheme is decidedly of import? or instead the usage of it is. Strategy resolves the large issues so that people can acquire on with the small inside informations. The key construct here is incremental alteration. The thought of persons larning? who so act upon the administration? and the administration so larning? introduces the impression of emergent scheme . Emergent scheme acknowledges the administration s capacity to take action? respond to feedback? and alteration? until the administration finds? form that becomes its scheme. In other words? the administration can experiment. In emergent scheme? both persons and collectives can be strategians. If an administration is faced with? genuinely fresh state of affairs so? procedure of larning demands to be engaged to calculate out what is traveling on. However? in? crisis state of affairs? ? really calculated scheme will be needed to acquire out of the state of affairs. Be careful of larning we are warned. Schemes developed through the acquisition procedure do non emerge on convenient agendas. How could you use the elements of the article to you going an effectual leader ( how could this article be used to assist do you a better leader ) Ford argues that scheme emerges over clip as purposes collide with and suit? altering world. Therefore? one might get down with? position and conclude that it calls for? certain place? which is to be achieved by manner of? carefully crafted program? with the eventual result and scheme reflected in? pattern evident in determination and actions over clip. This form in determinations and actions defines what Ford called realized or emergent scheme. There are? figure of ways to see scheme formation. Many respected concern writers have for several decennaries debated and tried to convert the universe that their manner is the right manner to see the procedure. The history of scheme theories is to some extent similar to that of administration theory: Get downing with? mechanistic thought of strategic planning and design? newer attacks trade with scheme in? more holistic mode? accepting that scheme can merely be planned to? certain extent? whereas? important portion is? consequence of other effects during the execution procedure within the administration ( alleged emergent schemes ) . Ford? one of the taking writers within the scheme formation field? has introduced 10 more or less typical theory schools? each stand foring? particular position on scheme or underscoring certain issues within the field. Although emerging in? historical order? each school remains of import? retaining its group of protagonists. There are obvious advantages and dangers to both attacks. The normative schools are clear and consistent. This makes treatment and transmittal of thoughts easier? but it can besides further asepsis in thought and application. The descriptive schools tend to be fuller and richer? leting for more experimentation and invention. At the same clip? they can stop up in tangled confusion? bring forthing many eventualities and multiple positions that stymie application. How you feel about the article ( what is your reaction to the article-do you agree with it or non and why ) In each of the mentioned schools? the procedure of scheme formation itself is regarded as something of? black box none of them are able to clearly depict how an person or group is able to jump from the aggregation and analysis of information to the conceptualization of alternate classs of action. Each school offers some utile constructs? and some strong points to help apprehension? but has its disadvantages every bit good. Ford faults most of the above mentioned attacks with inordinate item? hierarchy? construction? analysis and formalism. Harmonizing to him? these attacks are based on several flawed premises? the most of import of which are: that the strategy-making procedure can be objectively quantified and programmed in? rational mode that you can foretell and program for discontinuities that it can assist the company to take an advanced wide position and aid in scheme formation He argues further that? in fact? all this attending to analysis? item and formal procedure? really blinds directors and prevents them from deducing? meaningful? advanced scheme. Ford s preferable school is the larning school? because of the accent that it places on an administration integrating input from its environment? and accommodating over clip. The Learning school is an emergent theoretical account? where scheme is seen as to be emerging in the procedure of action. In this school? strategians do non come up with? to the full formed theory ready for execution? instead strategists converge on forms of behavior that work ( in given state of affairss ) ? over clip. The key here is looking at how scheme is really formed. This school sees the division between thought and moving? preparation and execution? as unnatural and counter-productive. Ford is? superb strategian and he is unlike any other concern school professor. He likes to arouse and uses nontraditional illustrations. For case? in his article Crafting scheme he compares the traditional strategic planning procedure with? individual craftsman? ? thrower. The crafting image of the thrower captures the procedure by which effectual schemes come to be. The planning image? long popular in literature? distorts these procedures and thereby misguides administrations that embrace it unreservedly. In his article he explains the grounds why strategic planning is uneffective and farther why schemes do non necessitate to be calculated and can emerge or organize. Ford concluded that pull offing scheme is to craft idea and action? control and acquisition? stableness and alteration . Mentions Robert C. Ford ; Celeste P.M. Wilderom ; John Caparella ; Strategically crafting a customer-focused civilization: an inductive instance survey. Journal of Strategy and Management Vol. 1 No. 2, 2008. pp. 143-167. Emerald Group Publishing Limited 1755-425X. DOI 10.1108/17554250810926348